Phytochemicals and Mechanisms of Herbal Galactagogues in Lactation
Abstract
Breastfeeding is crucial for infant health and development, as well as maternal well-being, yet global exclusive breastfeeding rates remain below targets due to factors like insufficient milk supply. Galactagogues, including herbal compounds, are explored as potential therapeutic options to stimulate, sustain, and enhance milk production, though comprehensive scientific research on their phytochemical components and underlying mechanisms is still limited. This review explores the phytochemical composition and mechanisms of action of several herbal galactagogues, including Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek), Vitis vinifera (grape seed), Moringa oleifera, and Camellia sinensis (green tea). These herbs exert their lactogenic effects through diverse pathways such as prolactin stimulation, oxytocin release, enhancement of mammary alveolar development, and anti-inflammatory actions in mammary epithelial cells. Key mechanisms involve hormonal regulation via the insulin/GH/IGF-1 axis, modulation of AKT/mTOR signaling, and antioxidant responses. Most evidence is derived from animal studies and molecular research, with limited clinical data available in humans.
Summary: Herbal galactagogues have promising lactogenic potential through multifaceted biochemical mechanisms, but more clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm efficacy, optimize dosing, and evaluate long-term safety for lactating women.
Keywords: Herbal galactagogues, lactation, phytochemicals, prolactin, oxytocin, fenugreek, Moringa oleifera, green tea
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18585/ijbcs.v1i2.27
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