Formulation and Characterization Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Loaded Propolis Extract with Various Concentration of Tween 80 and PEG 400

Abstract

Background: Propolis is a natural resin produced by bees that contains a variety of secondary metabolites with a range of activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. In addition to its usefulness, propolis has low solubility and bioavailability. A Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulation is expected to overcome these limitations.

Aim: This study was an attempt to develop a SNEDDS formulation contains propolis extract as a modified drug development technology.

Methods: Propolis SNEDDS were prepared using ultrasonication method with different ratios of Polysorbate 80 : PEG 400 as a surfactant and cosurfactant. Propolis SNEDDS contained 750 mg of propolis extract. ). In the optimization process, the area of the nanoemulsion was determined by a terner phase diagram construction method based on the transmittance values obtained from each formula.. All the formulated SNEDDS and eye serum were evaluated through several parameters such as transmittance value, particle size distribution, zeta potential, and particle morphology.

Results: The optimization results showed the nanoemulsion area formed at the concentration range of 8.3-12,5%, Tween 80 56.9-84.6% and PEG 400 7.7-23.1%. The results of SNEDDS propolis formula optimization with various concentration of Tween 80 : PEG 400 at F1 (11:1), F2 (10:2), and F3 (9:3) showed good characteristics with transmittance values of 89-98%, particle size 11-13 nm, polydispersity index of 0,1-0,3, and zeta potential -2 to -23 mV.  

Conclusion: Based on the characterization results, F15 with olive oil ratio: Tween 80: PEG 400 (1:9:3) is the best SNEDDS propolis formula seen from clarity, particle size and distribution, electromagnetic stability as well as spherical particle morphology.

Keywords: Propolis, SNEDDS, Tween 80, PEG 400, Drug Delivery